USING AND EVALUATING INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY

                                                        CHAPTER 6

SUMMARY:
                   "You should have a good idea of your destination, both in the overall purposes of education and in the everyday work of your teaching. If you don't know where you are going , you can't properly choose a way to get there".

                      Instructional materials are used to attain instructional goals or objectives. Its not enough to have only instructional materials but to have an effective and efficient instructional materials. There are guidelines and ought to be observed and it is in their selection and use.

                      The selection of materials, following some guide questions will help the teacher attain the objectives at the end of the class..this includes the concept of selecting the lesson, it's information and idea, age and ability of the student, physical condition,worthy of materials and the guide to what the teacher going to do.

                      On the other hand, after selecting the materials, we can't say that we can utilized it well, it's another thing is to use it well.
                      Hayden Smith and Thomas Nagel, advise us to abide by the acronym PPPF which stands for:
           Prepare your self
           Prepare your students
           Present your materials
           Follow up

REFLECTION:
                         
                       I learned that as a teacher it is important to have an instructional materials in order to catch the attention and interest of the student. It is said that instructional materials help to attain instructional objectives. And I believe on it, because it is one strategy of a teacher to present their topic in an organize and presentable manner. But considering the  fact, not all teacher is effective in using it that's why this lesson suggest some guidelines on how to use and evaluate instructional materials.

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DEMONSTRATION IN TEACHING

      CHAPTER 10

SUMMARY:

"Good demonstration is a good communication "

Demonstration according to Webster International Dictionary it is defines as "a public showing and emphasizing of the salient merits, utility, efficiency, etc. of an article or product.In teaching, it is showing how a thing is done and emphasizing of the salients merit, utility and efficiency of a concept, a method or a process or an attitude.It also define as dramatic performance.

Guiding principle that should be observe in using demonstration as a teaching learning experience.(Edgar Dale)
1.Establish rapport.Greet your audience.Show warmth and sincerity.
2.Avoid the COIK fallacy(Clear only if known)
3.Watch for key points

To ensure that the demonstration works, Brown 1969 suggest methodical procedures.And also Dale(1969) gives several point to observe in preparing the materials and equipment and enumerates question to be ask in evaluating the classroom demonstration. 

REFLECTION:

I learned that demonstration  promote self confidence to the teacher and learner.    Enable attention to be on specific details rather than general theories.and also

Demonstrations are done to provide an opportunity to learn new exploration and visual learning tasks from a different perspective. A teacher may use experimentation to demonstrate. wWw.proprofs.com/quiz-school/user.php?login=HERMIELYN

TEACHING WITH DRAMATIZED EXPERIENCES

CHAPTER 9

SUMMARY:

         Something dramatic is something that is stirring or affecting or moving. It has an emotional impact. This can be used in teaching to get our students attracted, interested and affected. If they are affected and moved, the lesson would most likely leave an impact on them and have better retention of what the lesson was about.

         Examples of dramatized experience are plays, pageants, tableau, pantomime, puppets and role-playing.
          Plays depicts life,character or culture or combination of the three.
          Pageants are commonly community dramas that are based on local history presented by local actors.
         Tableau is a picture like scene composed of people against a background.
          Pantomime is an art of conveying a story  through bodily movement.
          Puppets present ideas with extremely simplicity .
                                                       Kind of puppet
*shadow puppet
* rod-puppet
*hand puppet
*glove and finger puppet
*marionettes

REFLECTION;

I learned that it is dramatization in which the participation of the whole class is highly appreciated. it is 1 of the strategies of a teacher to let his students apply what they learned about the topic.
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TEACHING WITH CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES

CHAPTER 8

SUMMARY:

                Contrived experience are "edited" copies of reality and are used as substitutes for real things when it is not practical or not possible to bring or do the real thing in the classroom.These includes models,mock ups,specimens, objects, simulations and games.

              *Model is a reproduction of real things in a small scale, or large scale, or exact size- but made of synthetic materials.

               *Mock ups arrangement of real device or associated devices.

           *Specimen is any individual or item considered typical of the group, class or whole.

               *Objects may also include artifacts displayed in the museum.

          *Simulation is a  representation of a manageable real events in which learner are the active participants.

               *Games are played to win.

          It is necessary for teachers so that students can really relate,picture out and understand the lessons selected e.g. is planetarium which is about the planets.They can picture out different planets in the universe wherein our naked eye can't see. It also makes our classes interactive and develop decision making skills and knowledge construction skills of our students.

REFLECTION:

       

                 I learned that contrived experiences really help teacher to attain lesson objectives. These are use as representation when things or objects are impossible to bring in the classroom,by these contrived experiences students can create and imagine things that make the class interactive.
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DIRECT, PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCES AND BEYOND

                                                               CHAPTER 7

SUMMARY:

                          " EXPERIENCE is the best teacher of our life"

          Whatever skills or concept that we have did not come out of the blue.they learned the skills by doing.and all these experiences point to the need to use,whenever we can, direct purposeful experiences in the teaching learning process. 

          Direct purposeful experiences are concrete and firsthand experiences that makeup the foundation of our learning.In contrast, Indirect experiences or vicarious experiences are experiences of other..people that we observe, read or hear about.

          Direct experiences is said to be purposeful because the experiences is not purely mechanical,it is accompanied by a purpose, i.e learning.

REFLECTION:

        I learned that learners need a first hand experiences,sharing ideas,skills, etc. with learners by telling or showing often is insufficient for them to learned.Learner needs to use and test ideas, skills,etc. through relevant activities.,And this is the direct purposeful experiences.

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